Biochemistry in Tables, Schemes, and Graphs - S.D. Zhamsaranova 2009
Lipid Metabolism and Functions
Catabolism of Fatty Acids
FA activation takes place in the Cytoplasm, whereas ß-Oxidation occurs in the Cell/35.html">Mitochondria.
Acyl-CoA is unable to cross the mitochondrial membrane. Therefore, a specialized transport mechanism exists to transfer FAs from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria with the involvement of the substance "CARNITINE". The inner mitochondrial membrane contains a specific transport protein that facilitates this translocation. As a result, acylcarnitine readily penetrates the mitochondrial membrane.
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Once a fatty acid enters the mitochondrion, it inevitably undergoes Catabolism down to acetyl-CoA.
The process of ß-oxidation is cyclic. During each turn of the cycle, 2 carbon atoms are cleaved from the fatty acid in the form of an acetyl residue. Subsequently, the acyl-CoA—shortened by 2 carbon atoms—undergoes oxidation once again (entering a new cycle of ß-oxidation reactions). The resulting acetyl-CoA can then enter The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.
Accelerated ß-oxidation is observed in numerous Tissues, including the Liver, during carbohydrate deprivation and intense muscular exertion. The liver generates more acetyl-CoA than it actually requires. Consequently, specialized substances known as "Ketone Bodies" are synthesized from acetyl-CoA within the liver.
Last update: 06/08/2026
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