Protein Chemistry. Structure, Properties, Research Methods - Shendryk, A.N. 2022

Methods for Experimental Study of Protein Structure
Electron Microscopy
Sample Preparation and “Staining” — Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy

The image obtained in a Microscope is a planar section of a three-dimensional object. To reveal the three-dimensional shape of a sample, a special device called a goniometer is used. It allows the object to be tilted at various angles relative to the electron beam to obtain different two-dimensional projections (planar sections). The reconstruction of a three-dimensional image based on a set of acquired two-dimensional projections relies on approximately the same mathematical apparatus as X-Ray Diffraction crystallography.



Last update: 06/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.