STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BIOMOLECULES - A. E. Zemlyakov - 2017

Introduction

For over 25 years, the Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry at our university has been delivering lecture courses on key topics in bioorganic and biological chemistry. These lectures served as the foundation for this textbook.

The Significance of these academic disciplines lies not only in establishing a foundational knowledge base of living matter and broadening students' general chemical understanding, but also in playing a crucial role in shaping a natural-scientific worldview.

Among the available educational literature on bioorganic chemistry, only the monograph by Yu. A. Ovchinnikov covers all sections; however, it was published in a small print run and is not readily accessible to students. Several other textbooks primarily focus on individual classes of Biomolecules, making them more suitable for specialized courses rather than a general lecture series. Furthermore, some of them lack up-to-date scientific data. This book aims to partially alleviate the shortage of textbooks on this subject.

The textbook is intended for students majoring in 04.03.01 Chemistry and complies with the working curriculum of the discipline "Bioorganic Chemistry".

Simplified formulas are used throughout the textbook when depicting chemical structures. In these formulas, chemical bonds are represented by straight lines, implying that carbon atoms are located at the corners formed by these lines or at the end of a line. For example,

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Abbreviations

ADP - adenosine diphosphate

AMP - adenosine monophosphate

AT - angiotensin

ATC - angiotensin-converting enzyme

ATP - adenosine triphosphate

cAMP - cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cGMP - cyclic guanosine monophosphate

СDP - cytidine diphosphate

CTP - cytidine triphosphate

СоА - coenzyme A

DAG - diacylglycerol

GDP - guanosine diphosphate

GMP - guanosine monophosphate

GTP - guanosine triphosphate

Ig - immunoglobulin

IL - interleukin

IP₃ - Inositol trisphosphate

LPS - lipopolysaccharide

LT - leukotriene

LХ - lipoxin

Met-A - S-adenosylmethionine

 MDP - N—acetylmuramyl—L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine

NAD - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADР⁺- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Neu - neuraminic acid

PDE - phosphodiesterase

PG - prostaglandin

PL - phospholipase

TDM - trehalose dimycolate

TNF - tumor necrosis factor

TX - thromboxane

UDP - uridine diphosphate

UTP - uridine triphosphate

ГАМК - y-aminobutyric acid

ДНК - deoxyribonucleic acid

ДОФА - 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

РНК - ribonucleic acid

ЦНС - Central Nervous system

Ac - acetyl

Et - ethyl

Me - methyl