INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY - H. I. Shcherbak - 2008

KINGDOM MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS (METAZOA)

SUBKINGDOM TRUE MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS (EUMETAZOA)

SECTION TRIPLOBLASTIC (TRIPLOBLASTICA) OR BILATERAL (BILATERIA) ANIMALS

SUBSECTION ECDYSOZOA (MOLTING ANIMALS)

This subsection includes phyla with various Levels of Organization: those with a primary body cavity—phyla Nematoda, Nematomorpha, and Cephalorhyncha—and those with a mixocoel (hemocoel): Arthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada. They are united by the presence of a complex multi-layered cuticle and development accompanied by periodic shedding of their integument, known as molting (ecdysis).



Last update: 13/08/2026

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