MICROBIOLOGY - M.H. Serhiichuk - 2008

Class="center">Chapter 12. HUMAN USE OF MICROORGANISMS

The Structure/182.html">Practical Application of the biochemical activity of microorganisms spans thousands of years. The oldest industries, such as baking, winemaking, brewing, vinegar production, and dairy manufacturing, are based on bacterial Fermentation processes. Today, microorganisms are widely used in the food industry, medicine, microbial synthesis, agriculture, biogeotechnology, and environmental bioremediation.

Traditional microbiological industries and modern technologies utilizing microorganisms are an integral part of biotechnology. Both prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria, actinomycetes) and eukaryotic ones (filamentous Fungi, Yeasts) have found industrial Applications. Microbiological production processes consist of specific stages:

1. Isolation and preservation of microorganisms that act as producers of specific substances.

2. Development of optimal nutrient media and cultivation conditions.

3. Cultivation process execution.

4. Recovery and purification of the final product.

The First stage is the most crucial. Using Selection and Introduction/32.html">Genetic Engineering, highly active microbial strains are developed and introduced into production. Industrial strains must meet the following requirements:

- rapidly synthesize or transform specific substances;

- reproduce quickly;

- maintain a stable METABOLISM under industrial conditions;

- grow on inexpensive substrates;

- be resistant to phages;

- be safe for humans and the environment.

The Development of technologies utilizing microorganisms is economically advantageous, environmentally friendly, and holds immense potential.



Last update: 13/08/2026

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