Pediatric Medical Genetics - S.I. Smiian 2003

Congenital malformations and inherited disorders of the bronchopulmonary system in children
Malformations of the tracheal and bronchial walls

Malformations of the Structure/83.html">Structural elements of the tracheal, bronchial, and bronchiolar walls are morphologically associated with the absence, deficiency, or disorganization of cartilaginous, elastic, or muscular Tissues.

Anomalies of tracheobronchial tree branching occur in 0,1-1 % of examined patients. E. Szekely, E. Forkas (1978) classify them as follows: 1) cleft upper lobe Bronchi; 2) duplication of the upper lobe bronchi; 3) accessory segmental bronchus; 4) accessory tracheal lung; 5) accessory tracheal upper lobe; 6) tracheal trifurcation

It should be noted that branching Anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree are more commonly observed in boys. Detection of these anomalies is carried out through bronchographic, bronchoscopic, and angiographic examinations.

Anomalies of the middle lobe bronchus branching are quite common. Clinically, they manifest as the middle lobe syndrome. The following variants of this anomaly are distinguished: 1) the middle lobe replaces a hypoplastic upper lobe; 2) transposition of SІІІ into the middle lobe; 3) the middle lobe bronchus divides into 3 segments; 4) transposition of the middle lobe bronchus with its cystic degeneration; 5) duplication of the main bronchus; 6) the middle lobe bronchus originates from the upper lobe bronchus.

In contrast to the right-sided accessory middle bronchus, which is rarely encountered, lower lobe bronchus branching anomalies are numerous.



Last update: 11/08/2026

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