Diagnosis and treatment of patients with recurrent gastroduodenal hemorrhage - Shaprynskyi V.O. 2009

Clinical characteristics of syndromes associated with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Clinical presentation of acute recurrent gastroduodenal hemorrhage

Clinical signs that establish a Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding include: melena—the presence of black, tarry stools in a patient.

Hematemesis—vomiting of fresh, unaltered Blood.

"Coffee-ground" emesis—vomiting of oxidized blood.

Hematochezia—the passage of fresh blood through the anus. This symptom occurs in patients due to bleeding from a source located in the lower gastrointestinal tract (below the ligament of Treitz).

Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed in the event of recurrent melena/hematemesis ("coffee-ground" emesis) associated with signs of Shock (Ps over 100 bpm, systolic BP below 100 mmHg), a CVP drop of 5 mmHg or more, and a decrease in Hemoglobin concentration of more than 20 g/L within 24 hours. Recurrent bleeding must always be confirmed endoscopically.



Last update: 11/08/2026

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