Human Anatomy and Physiology - I. V. Gayvoronsky 2011

Internal Environments of the Body. Blood
Blood Transfusion. Donation

Blood transfusion is referred to as hemotransfusion. The person who gives their blood for transfusion is called a donor, and the one who receives it is called a recipient. Nowadays, Donors are mandatory screened for HIV, hepatitis, and A number of other diseases.

Currently, a recipient can only be transfused with blood of their own blood type, considering both the ABO system and the Rh factor. In emergency situations (armed conflicts, natural disasters), transfusion of blood of a different group from one person to another is possible According to the «dilution rule»: donor agglutinins are not taken into account. As a rule, donor agglutinins do not affect the recipient's red Blood Cells. This is due to the fact that they are diluted in the recipient's serum, and their concentration in the blood turns out to be insufficient to agglutinate A large number of erythrocytes. The dilution rule is illustrated in Fig. 13.3. Based on this, it becomes clear that a person with type I blood is a universal donor, and someone with type IV blood is a universal recipient.

Blood collection and storage are carried out in blood transfusion departments, stations, and centers. The hemotransfusion Procedure itself requires close attention from the medical staff. The compatibility of the donor and recipient blood is checked multiple times. The blood transfusion proper is performed under the constant supervision of a physician. Errors in determining blood types, during storage, or improper transfusion can lead to severe complications and even patient death.

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Fig. 13.3. Blood transfusion according to the «dilution rule»