Human Anatomy Part 2 - K. A. Diubenko, A. K. Kolomiitsev, Yu. B. Chaikovsky 2008

Special Section
Cardiovascular system, systema cardiovasculare - General Information
Circuits of blood circulation

Circulation is divided into the SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY circuits (Fig. 6). In addition to the systemic and pulmonary circuits, a third circuit is distinguished—the Coronary Circulation, which is formed by the CORONARY Arteries AND cardiac Veins. The Heart occupies a central position in these circuits. Regardless of Blood composition, all vessels entering the heart are considered veins, while those leaving it are considered arteries.



Last update: 08/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.