Human Anatomy Part 1 - K. A. Dyubenko, A. K. Kolomiyytsev, Yu. B. Chaykovsky 2002

Special Part
Splanchnology, splanchnologia [the study of viscera] - Digestive system, systema digestorium
Structure of teeth - Structure of permanent teeth - Premolars

Small molar Teeth, or premolars, dentes premolares, comprise a group of 8 teeth; four on each jaw, two on the right side and two on the left. Premolars are divided into First and Second premolars. The first is referred to as the proximal, and the second as the distal. The upper molars (premolars) (Figs. 209, 210) have an oval-shaped crown and two roots. The second upper premolar has a single ROOT in 80% of cases (S. S. Mikhailov, 1973). The root is compressed in the mesiodistal direction and features a longitudinal groove. Two cusps are distinguished on the chewing surface: the buccal and the lingual.

The lower small molar teeth (premolars) (Figs. 211, 212) have a crown and a longer root. For the dimensions of the premolars, see Table 5.

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Fig. 208. Lower canine:

A - labial surface of the lower canine; B - labial surface of the lower canine; C - distal surface of the lower canine; D - distal surface of the lower canine; E - mesial surface of the lower canine; F - lingual surface of the lower canine; G - lingual surface of the lower canine

Fig. 209. Premolars, dentes premolares. First upper molar (first upper premolar):

A - margins of the first upper molar (premover), distal surface; B - distal surface of the first upper molar (premolar); C - margins of the first upper molar (premolar), buccal surface; D - buccal surface of the first upper molar (premolar); E - margins of the first upper molar (premolar), palatal surface; F - palatal surface of the first upper molar (premolar)

Fig. 210. Premolars, dentes premolares. Second upper premolar:

A - Formation of the second upper premolar, buccal surface; B - buccal surface of the second upper premolar; C - formation of the second upper premolar, palatal surface; D - palatal surface of the second upper premolar; E - formation of the second upper premolar, distal surface; F - distal surface of the second upper premolar



Last update: 08/08/2026

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