MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 7. THE NUTRITIONAL PROCESS AND ITS PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DISORDERS OF INTESTINAL DIGESTION

INTESTINAL DISEASES

1. ENTERITIS

Depending on the specific segment of the Small Intestine affected by inflammation, we distinguish duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum), jejunitis (inflammation of the jejunum), and ileitis (inflammation of the ileum). Each condition can present in either an acute or chronic form. Enteritis may be caused by various infections, such as dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, viral infections, botulism, and salmonellosis, as well as by poisoning from mushrooms or chemical agents.

Acute enteritis is typically a manifestation or complication of an infectious disease. The following forms of acute enteritis are distinguished. Acute catarrhal enteritis is characterized by infiltration of the mucous and submucosal membranes with a seromucous exudate, epithelial dystrophy and desquamation, an increase in mucus-producing Cells, and The formation of erosions.

Fibrinous enteritis involves Necrosis of the mucous membrane (croupous enteritis) or both the submucosal layer and muscular wall (diphtheritic enteritis), with ulceration occurring upon the rejection of the exudate.

Purulent enteritis is a less common form characterized by infiltration of the intestinal wall with a purulent exudate.

Necrotic-ulcerative enteritis. In this form, Peyer's patches undergo necrosis (as seen in typhoid fever), or widespread ulcerative defects develop. Regardless of The Nature of the inflammation, hyperplasia of the intestinal lymphoid tissue and mesenteric Lymph Nodes is observed.

Acute enteritis typically resolves with recovery or may progress to a chronic condition.

Chronic enteritis develops As a result of infections, intoxications, The Use of certain medications, and Metabolic Disorders. It is fundamentally driven by impaired epithelial regeneration processes. Initially, chronic enteritis develops without mucosal atrophy. Over time, it progresses to atrophic enteritis, which is characterized by the deformation, shortening, and dystrophy of the intestinal villi. The enzymatic activity of the epithelium is impaired, which significantly compromises membrane Digestion.