MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedonyuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 7. THE NUTRITIONAL PROCESS AND ITS PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PATHOLOGY OF THE ESOPHAGUS

1. FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS

Functional disorders refer to impaired food passage from the Pharynx into The Stomach without visible organic lesions of the Esophagus. Consequently, the primary esophageal dysfunctions are associated with alterations in its motor activity.

It is generally accepted to divide esophageal motility disorders into hyperkinetic and hypokinetic variants (corresponding to increased and decreased esophageal motor activity, respectively).

Functional Disorders of the esophagus are polyetiological conditions. They may occur as a primary (independent) disease or coexist with other pathological processes in the esophagus, thus being secondary.

Primary esophageal dysfunction may result from hereditary abnormalities of the neuromuscular apparatus or systemic alterations in neural and hormonal regulation.

Secondary functional disorders of the esophagus can be directly related either to its own diseases (diverticula, esophagitis, neoplasms, hiatal hernias) or to pathology of other digestive Organs (PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE, chronic cholecystitis, etc.).



Last update: 08/08/2026

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