MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 3. ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BODY FUNCTION SELF-REGULATION

ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND THEIR PATHOLOGY

PITUITARY GLAND

3. NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL PATHOLOGY

3.1. DIABETES INSIPIDUS

Diabetes insipidus develops As a result of an absolute or relative vasopressin deficiency.

The pathogenetic basis of the disease is damage to the hypothalamo-pituitary system. Vasopressin is produced mainly in the supraoptic and partially in the paraventricular nuclei of the Hypothalamus and accumulates in the neurohypophysis. Vasopressin enhances Water reabsorption in the renal tubules, which is why it is called antidiuretic hormone. Damage to any link of the hypothalamo-pituitary system (nuclei, portal system, neurohypophysis) leads to an absolute deficiency of vasopressin, resulting in the primary symptom of diabetes insipidus – polyuria. Dehydration of the body, accompanied by a decrease in Blood Plasma osmotic pressure, acts as an adequate stimulus for the thirst center in the hypothalamus. As a result, polydipsia (excessive thirst) develops. Other symptoms of the disease are caused by systemic dehydration.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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