MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 2. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (THE MECHANICS OF MOVEMENT)

SKELETON OF THE TRUNK

2. THORAX

2.2. STERNUM

The Sternum is a flat bone consisting of three parts: the manubrium (upper part), the body, and the xiphoid process (Fig. 2.44). The body joins the manubrium at an obtuse angle. The upper margin of the manubrium features the jugular notch, flanked by the clavicular notches. Costal notches are visible along the lateral borders of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

Class="center">

Fig. 2.44. Sternum; anterior view



Last update: 08/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.