BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Gentianales

Trees, shrubs, and herbs with simple, entire leaves, lacking stipules, or rarely with them. Phyllotaxy is opposite, sometimes whorled. Flowers are arranged in cymose, rarely racemose inflorescences, or sometimes solitary. Flowers are bisexual, rarely unisexual, mostly actinomorphic or nearly actinomorphic, with a double perianth. The corolla is sympetalous; corolla lobes in the bud are folded, twisted, or rarely valvate—this is the most diagnostic feature of the order. Stamens equal the number of petals and alternate with them, rarely fewer. Filaments are adnate to the corolla tube. The gynoecium is syncarpous, composed of two or rarely three to five (up to eight) carpels. The Ovary is superior or rarely half-inferior, predominantly unilocular, with (one to) many ovules in each locule or on each Placenta. The fruit is a capsule or of another type.

An exceptionally large order comprising 13 families and 15 subfamilies, over 900 genera, and about 13,000 species distributed across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. The flora of Ukraine includes representatives of 5 families.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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