BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

VIII. FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY

Features of Reproduction in Angiosperms

Modes of Pollen Transfer

Cross-pollination can be facilitated by non-living factors (abiotic pollination) as well as living organisms (biotic pollination). Biotic pollination modes include entomophily (pollination by insects), ornithophily (by birds), and chiropterophily (by bats).

Abiotic pollination modes comprise anemophily (wind pollination) and hydrophily (Water pollination).

Cross-pollination increases the level of heterozygosity within a population, whereas self-pollination, conversely, leads to its homozygotization. Self-pollination fixes the favorable outcomes of prior cross-pollination within simultaneously developing pure lines. This alternation of self- and cross-pollination across generations holds positive evolutionary significance.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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