Anatomy of the Vessels and Nerves of the Trunk (Angioneurology) - Chornokulskyi S. T. 2011

Cardiovascular System
Anatomic and Auscultatory Projection of the Heart Valves

Anatomical projection of Heart orifices (Valves)

The right and left atrioventricular orifices (valves) are projected onto the Sternum along an oblique line connecting the ends of the third left and fifth right costal cartilages. The left orifice (valve) is projected onto this line at the level of the third left costal Cartilage, and the right one—above the attachment site of the fifth right costal cartilage to the sternum. The aortic and pulmonary trunk orifices (valves) are projected at the level of the third left costal cartilage: the pulmonary trunk orifice—at the junction of this cartilage with the sternum, and the aortic orifice—to the right of the pulmonary trunk and behind the sternum.

Auscultatory projection of heart valves (Fig. 22)

Mitral valve—at the apex of The Heart;

Tricuspid valve—at the attachment site of the fifth right costal cartilage to the sternum;

Pulmonary valve—In the second intercostal space to the left of the sternum, and the aortic valve—in the same space, but to the right of the sternum.

X-ray Anatomy of the heart (Fig. 22, a)

On the frontal chest radiogram, the lateral contours of the cardiovascular shadow can be distinguished on the right and left.

The right lateral contour has two arches: the upper arch, formed by the shadow of the ascending aorta and SUPERIOR VENA CAVA, and the lower arch, formed by the shadow of the right atrium.

The left lateral contour is formed by four arches from top to bottom:

The aortic arch and the beginning of its descending part;

1. The pulmonary trunk;

3. The left auricle;

4. The left ventricle.

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Fig. 22, b. Human heart specimen

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