Obstetrics and Gynecology - A.M. Gromova 2000

Menstrual disorders
Classification of menstrual cycle disorders

I. Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation for 6 months or more) and hypomenstrual syndrome (scanty, infrequent, and short periods) in a reproductive-age woman.

II. Cyclic menstrual rhythm disorders:

1. Opsomenorrhea — infrequent menstruation recurring at intervals of more than 35 days.

2. Spaniomenorrhea — extremely infrequent menstruation, occurring only 2–4 times a year.

3. Proiomenorrhea — a shortened Menstrual cycle with periods occurring more frequently than every 21 days.

III. Variations in menstrual Blood volume:

1. Hypermenorrhea — menstruation accompanied by excessive blood loss.

2. Гіпоменорся — menstruation with very minimal blood loss.

IV. Alterations in menstrual duration:

1. Polymenorrhea — prolonged menstruation lasting 7–12 days.

2. Oligomenorrhea — short periods lasting less than 2 days.

V. Hemorrhagic metropathy (anovulatory monophasic menstrual cycles).

VI. Painful menstruation:

1. Algomenorrhea — menstrual pain localized exclusively to the genital region.

2. Dysmenorrhea — disruption of the woman's general condition accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting, etc.

3. Algodysmenorrhea — painful menstruation combined with disturbances in the woman's general well-being.

VII. Menorrhagia — cyclic uterine bleeding related to the menstrual cycle and lasting more than 10–12 days.

Metrorrhagia — acyclic uterine bleeding caused by uterine fibroids, uterine Cancer, ovarian tumors, etc., and unrelated to the menstrual cycle.

Menstrual cycle disorders sometimes occur in combination. For example, proiomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and hypermenorrhea together constitute hypermenstrual syndrome, whereas the simultaneous occurrence of opso-, oligo-, and hypomenorrhea is referred to as hypomenstrual syndrome.

Uterine bleeding is classified According to the woman's age of onset: juvenile uterine bleeding during Puberty; premenopausal bleeding at ages 40–45; Climacteric bleeding at ages 45–50; postmenopausal bleeding after age 50; and less frequently, bleeding occurring during the reproductive years (18–45 years).

The mechanisms underlying the onset and development of menstrual dysfunction are often highly complex. Given the multi-tiered Regulation of the menstrual cycle, functional diagnostic tests of ovarian activity (Section 27.2.3.) are employed to diagnose disorders of normal genital function.