MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedonyuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 7. THE NUTRITIONAL PROCESS AND ITS PATHOLOGY

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS

ENERGY METABOLISM

1. BASAL METABOLISM

Basal METABOLISM refers to the Energy Expenditure of the body under resting conditions. It is determined under standard conditions: the study is conducted in the morning on an empty Stomach (no food intake for 12 hours prior) in a state of physical and psycho-emotional rest, in a horizontal position, at a comfortable ambient Temperature (25-26 °C). These conditions eliminate factors that may affect the intensity of metabolic processes.

The basal metabolic rate for an average healthy adult male weighing 70 kg is approximately 1,700 kcal, while for a female it is 10% lower.

Basal metabolism depends on a person's sex, age, body weight, and height.

The value of basal metabolism per 1 kg of body weight is significantly higher in children than in adults.

Basal metabolism remains relatively constant between the ages of 20 and 40. After the age of 40, it begins to decline.



Last update: 08/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.