MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedoniuk 2010

BIOLOGY

SECTION 1. BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN VITAL ACTIVITY

1.4. ONTOGENETIC LEVEL OF LIFE ORGANIZATION

1.4.2. Basics of Human Genetics

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics is a science that studies genetically determined differences in individual responses to medicinal products and The Effect of these substances on the genetic apparatus. Individual susceptibility to drugs began to be discussed in 1952, when severe hemolytic crisis and anemia were observed following the administration of the antimalarial drug primaquine. It was established that these reactions are caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the synthesis of which is controlled by a Gene located on the X chromosome. Later, individual sensitivity of people to other drugs was also discovered.

Every year, up to 2 million newly registered chemical compounds are added, along with 250,000 novel ones, of which about 500 are introduced into practice as medicinal products, food additives, pesticides, and industrial compounds. Experimental studies have shown that some of these substances can induce Mutations and exhibit teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. Due to the increasing concentration of toxic substances in the biosphere, as well as the growing number of pharmacological agents used to treat somatic and infectious diseases, disruptions in biochemical processes have started to rise. The Pharmacopoeia Committee imposes high standards regarding the control of new medicinal products.