BOTANY WITH THE BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

VIII. BASICS OF PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY

Morphology and Anatomy of the Stem and Shoot

Stem Shape

In many plants, the stem is rounded and cylindrical. It can be solid or hollow (known as a culm in grasses), quadrangular (such as in nettles, sage, mint, and Jerusalem sage), triangular (in sedges), multangular and ribbed (in umbellifers), flat (in prickly pear), winged (in narrow-leaved everlasting pea), cistern-shaped (in Kavanelesia), or grooved (in horsetails).

Last update: 07/08/2026

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