PLANT ADAPTATION TO ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS - 2017

3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL WASTE

3.3. Classification of Enterprises by the Degree of Environmental Impact

Industrial enterprises impact the environment by causing air pollution, increasing dust levels, and raising noise levels. All of this leads to the suppression of the vital activity of living organisms, particularly plants (Fig. 10). According to sanitary standards, all industrial enterprises are typically classified into five hazard classes based on their environmental impact. Depending on the effect produced, Class I enterprises are the most hazardous, while Class V enterprises are the least harmful. Each class of enterprise requires sanitary protection zones where residential construction, recreational areas, and agricultural land use are prohibited. The maximum size of a sanitary protection zone (at least 1,000 m) must be designated for Class I hazardous enterprises (Fig. 11).

For sanitary protection zones to function effectively, they must be landscaped in a way that maximally hinders the penetration of noise and pollutants into residential or agricultural areas. At the same time, A number of enterprise types (such as electronics, instrument-making, medical, and certain other industries) impose heightened demands on environmental cleanliness. In these cases, sanitary protection zones serve a practically opposite function, preventing pollutants of any kind from entering the industrial zone.

Fig. 9 - Classification of industrial enterprises according to their environmental impact