Vertebrate Zoology: A Study Guide - T. A. Dauda 2014

Multicellular Animals
Class Aves
Superorder Paleognathae, or Ratites — Order Casuariiformes

Australian ostriches inhabit Australia and the island of New Guinea. Their legs are relatively shorter than those of other ratites and have three toes. The HEAD has sparse plumage, and the wings are almost vestigial. Australian ratites are divided into two distinct genera: emus and cassowaries.

Emus inhabit the arid semi-desert and steppe regions of Australia, reaching heights of up to 170 cm and weights of up to 55 kg. Their plumage is uniform and grey. The Head and Neck are more heavily feathered than in other ratites. They live in small flocks of 4–6 individuals and feed primarily on plant matter. During the breeding season, they form monogamous pairs, but paternal care is provided exclusively by the male, who builds the nest, incubates the eggs, and tends to the chicks. The female lays clutches of 7 to 16 eggs.

Currently, emus have multiplied significantly in Australia, and control measures are taken against them in certain areas. When kept under proper conditions, they adapt well and breed successfully in zoos. Adult birds tolerate cold temperatures relatively well, whereas high humidity and dampness affect them adversely. Emus have been successfully bred in semi-captive conditions in southern Ukraine at Askania-Nova, home to the Institute of Acclimatization and Hybridization.

Cassowaries are distributed throughout the dense rainforests of New Guinea and Australia. Several species are known. They feature a bare, brightly colored upper neck and head adorned with a large casque (horn-like helmet), along with black plumage. Cassowaries feed on plant material. Their reproduction is largely similar to that of emus.